Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)

Table 25: MRI sequences and techniques. See also General MRI Acronym Directory

.
Name	Type	Description	Reference
ASL	Perfusion	Arterial spin labeling	[Detre et al., 1994]
DW		Diffusion weighted
EPI		Echo planar imaging
EPISTAR	Perfusion	Echo planar imaging and signal targeting with alternating radiofrequency	[Edelman et al., 1994]
FAIR	Perfusion	Flow-sensitive alterating inversion recovery	[Kim, 1995,Kwong et al., 1995]
FISP	GRE	Fast Imaging with Steady-State Precession
FLAIR	IR	Fluid Attenuation Inversion Recovery
FLASH	GRE	Fast Low Angle Shot
GE-MBEST		Gradient Echo Modulus Blipped Echo planar Shot Technique
GEMS		Gradient Echo Multi Slice
GRASS	GRE	Gradient Recalled Acquisition in the Steady State
GRE		Gradient echo
HASTE		Half-Fourier single shot turbo spin-echo
IR	T1	Inversion recovery. Initial 180-pulse (inversion) followed by a 90-pulse
MPRAGE		Magnetization Prepared RApid Gradient Echo
PICORE	ASL, tagging		Wong et al 1997
PRESTO
QUIPPS	ASL	Quantitative imaging of perfusion using a single subtraction	[Wong et al., 1998]
RR-EPI		Robarts Research Echo Planar Imaging
SE	T1, T1, PD, diffusion	Spin echo. Slice selective 90 pulse and one or more 180-pulse
SE-MBEST		Spin Echo Modulus Blipped Echo planar Single pulse Technique
SEMS		Spin Echo Multi Slice
SENSE		Sensitivity Encoding	[Puessmann et al., 1999], http://www.mr.ethz.ch/sense/
SPGR	GRE	Spoiled Grass
Spiral	Readout	Readout in a spiral pattern in the k-space
SR	T1	Saturation recovery
SS-FSE		Single shot fast spin echo
STAR		Signal Targeting with Alternating Radiofrequency
STIR
Turbo FLASH	FLASH
Turbo-PICORE	ASL, tagging		Wong et al 2000
UNFAIR	ASL	Uninverted FAIR

Object Oriented Development Interface for NMR (ODIN, http://od1n.sourceforge.net/) including Pulsar is a collection of for generation and simulation of MR sequences.

Contrast agents

• Gadolinium diethylenetriaminepenta-acetic acid (Gd-DTPA) in fMRI: [Belliveau et al., 1991].
• Iron: Superparamagnetic iron oxide (SPIO), ultra small paramagnetic iron oxide particles (USPIO). CASRN: 1317-61-9 (ferrosoferric oxide) (?).
  • Monocryalline iron oxide MION: fMRI In rat [Palmer et al., 1999], fMRI in monkey [Vanduffel et al., 2001], Leite NeuroImage 16, 2002.
  • Combidex^TM (Advanced Magnetics) in fMRI in rat: [van Bruggen et al., 1998], Combidex
  • SPBPA (?)
  • AMI-227 (?) (Sinerem or Combidex)
  • NC 100150. (Clariscan, PEG-Ferron) (?)
• Mn $^{\text{2+}}$. Pautler 2002