Family &c.: Dines Bjørner (DB) was born in
Odense, Denmark, 4 October 1937. His father had an MSc degree in
Mathematics (from Copenhagen University, 1931) and his mother a
BA degree in Nordic and Modern English/America Literature (also from
Copenhagen University, 1929). Since 1965 DB has been married to
Kari Skallerud Bjørner (Oslo, Norway). They have two children,
Charlotte and Nikolaj, and five grandchildren.
Educational Background:DB graduated, in 1956,
with a senior high school degree in Mathematics and Natural
Sciences from the Århus Cathedral
School (founded in 1142). DB graduated in January 1962
with an MSc in Electronics Engineering and with
a Ph.D. in Computer Science in January 1969 from the
Technical University of Denmark (founded by Hans Christian
Ørsted in 1828).
IBM Career:DB joined IBM in March 1962 at their Nordic Laboratories (founded by
Cai Kinberg) in Stockholm, Sweden (where DB also first met Jean Paul
Jacob and Gunnar Wedell). DB was
transferred to the IBM Systems Development Division (IBM SDD)
at San Jose, California, USA, in December 1963. While doing his Ph.D. (September 1965-January 1969) DB was a lecturing
consultant to IBM's European Systems Research Institute (ESRI)
at Geneva, Switzerland (where DB received valuable guidance from Carlo
Santacroce and where DB's friendship with
Gerald Weinberg started) (1967-1968). In 1969 DB worked
at IBM's Advanced Computing Systems (IBM ACS) Laboratory, Menlo
Park, California, and, later that year until early 1973
at IBM Research, San Jose (again Jean Paul Jacob became a
colleague). Transferred to the
IBM Vienna Laboratory (directed then by Heinz Zemanek),
Austria, DB resigned from IBM in August
1975 to return to Denmark after basically 13 years abroad.
Career Outside and After IBM:
During his stay at IBM Research DB was a visiting
lecturer, for several quarters, at University of California
at Berkeley (1971-1972), instigated by Lotfi Zadeh whom DB considers his main mentor and for whom DB has the fondest regards.
DB was a visiting guest professor at Copenhagen University
in the academic year 1975-1976, before taking up his
chair in September 1976 at the Technical University of Denmark
(DTU). During the summer semester of 1980 DB was the Danish Chair
Professor at the Christian-Albrechts University of Kiel,
Germany -- hosted by Prof. Dr. Hans Langmaack. Together with a
colleague, Prof. Christian Gram,
DB instigated the Dansk Datamatik Center (DDC) in the summer of
1979. During the 1980s DB was chief scientist of DDC.
In 1982-1984 DB was chairman of a Danish
Government (Ministry of Education) Commission on Informatics.
DB was the founding and first UN Director of
UNU-IIST, the United Nations University's International Institute
for Software Technology, located in Macau.
DB was a visiting professor at NUS: National University of
Singapore in the academic year 2004-2005, and a research guest
professor at JAIST, Japan Advanced Institute of Science and
Technology, Ishikawa Prefecture, Japan for basically the calendar year
2006 -- where the work reported in this monograph was begun.
DB was a visiting professor at Université Henri Poincaré and at
INRIA/LORIA, Nancy, France, for two months: Oct.-Dec., 2007.
During the fall and spring of 2008-2009 DB was lecturing at the Techn. Univ. of Graz, Austria and at
University of Saarland, Saarbrücken, Germany (March 2009).
Lectures and Graduates:DB has lectured and regularly lectures on six continents in
almost 50 countries and territories and has advised more than
130 MSc's and almost two dozen PhDs.
Research &c. Work:
At IBM DB first worked in the hardware (logic and systems)
design of such equipment as the IBM 1070 (Sweden),
the IBM 1800 and IBM 1130 computers (San Jose), and,
finally, with Gene Amdahl and Ed Sussenguth, on
the IBM ACS/1 supercomputer (Menlo Park).
At Research DB worked with the late John W. Backus
and the late Ted Codd on Functional Languages, resp. Relational
Data Base Systems. At Vienna, DB, together with such colleagues as
Peter Lucas, the late Hans Bekic, Kurt Walk, and Cliff B. Jones,
worked on a Denotational (-like) Semantics Description
of PL/I while, with his colleagues conceiving, researching,
developing and using VDM (the Vienna software Development
Method). At DTU and at DDC, supported by the European
Community, DB initiated several advanced research &
development projects: (1) Formal Semantics Description
of and (2) full language compiler for CHILL
(the Intl. Telecommunications Unions Communications
[C.C.I.T.T.] High Level Language) -- both significantly developed by
Peter L. Haff (and the late Søren Prehn); (3) Formal Semantics
Description of and (4) the first European US DoD officially
validated compiler for the US DoD Ada embedded systems
programming language -- with significant and indispensable
contributions by DB's colleague Dr. Hans Bruun and, again, the
late Søren
Prehn; (5) RAISE (Rigorous Approach
to Industrial Software Engineering, headed by the late Søren Prehn and Chris
George); (6) Formal
Semantics Definition of VDM-SL (the VDM Specification
Language, Bo Stig Hansen and Peter Gorm Larsen); (7) ProCoS (Provably
Correct Systems)
with, amongst others, Profs. Sir Tony Hoare (then Oxford, now Microsoft
Research, Cambridge, UK), Hans Langmaack (Kiel)
and Ernst-Rüdiger Olderog (Oldenburg) and others.
UNU-IIST:
At UNU-IIST DB had a rather free hand, and was able,
with a small team of excellent colleagues
(Prof. Zhou Chaochen
(Academician, the Chinese Academy of Science), the late
Søren Prehn, Chris W. George,
Richard Moore, Tomasz Janowski, Dang Van Hung, Xu Qi Wen
and Kees Middelburg), to further explore the research issues
still occupying DB's interest, and to apply them
(i.e., test them out)
in a number of joint R&D projects with institutions
in developing and newly industrialised countries
[including newly independent states]
(Argentina,
Belarus,
Brasil,
Cameroun,
China,
Gabon,
India,
Indonesia,
Mongolia,
North Korea,
Pakistan,
Philippines,
Poland,
Romania,
Russia,
South Africa,
South Korea,
Thailand,
Vietnam,
Ukraine,
Uruguay,
etc.).
Societal Work:DB was a co-founder of VDM-Europe in 1987 and moved
VDM-Europe onto FME: Formal Methods Europe in 1991.
DB co-chaired two of the VDM Symposia (1987, 1990),
and the International Conference on Software Engineering
(ICSE) in 1989 in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA.
DB was chairman of the IFIP World Congress in Dublin,
Ireland in 1986, and was the instigator and General Chairman of the first
World Congress on Formal Methods, FM'99, in Toulouse,
France, September 20-24, 1999. DB has otherwise been involved
in about 60 other scientific conferences.
Awards &c.:DB is a Knight of The Danish Flag; is a member of Academia
Europaea (MAE) and was chairman of its Informatics Section (2004-2009);
is a member of The Russian Academy of Natural Sciences (MRANS [AB]),
and of IFIP Working Groups 2.2 (1980-2004) and 2.3 (1980-2008). DB has
received the John von Neumann Medal of the JvN Society
of Hungary and the Ths. Masaryk Gold Medal from the Masaryk University,
Brno, The Czech Republic. DB received the Danish Engineering Society's
(IDA) Informatics Division's (IDA-IT) first BIT prize, March 1999.
DB was given the degree of honorary doctor from the Masaryk University,
Brno, The Czech Republic, in 2004. DB is an ACM Fellow and an
IEEE Fellow.
Research Interests:DB's research interests, since his Vienna days, have centered on
programming methodology: Methods as sets of principles for selecting
and applying mathematics-based analysis and construction techniques
and tools in order efficiently to construct efficient artefacts -- notably
software. DB sees his main contributions to be in the research,
development and propagation of formal specification principles and
techniques. Currently DB focuses on the triptych of domain
engineering, requirements engineering and software architecture
and program organisation methods -- emphasising such that relate
these in mathematical as well as technical ways: (1) Intrinsic, support
technology, management & organisation, rules & regulation, and human
behaviour facets of domains; (2) projection, instantiation, extension
and initialisation of domain requirements, etc.; (3) software
architectures as refinements of domain requirements, and program
organisation as refinements of machine requirements -- with interface
requirements (currently) being refinements of either and both!
Acknowledgements:
Among the very many people for whom DB has a special,
professional fondness, people who have helped DB in
his professional career, he wishes to bear tribute, in approximate
chronological order, to
(the late) Cai Kinberg,
Gunnar Wedell,
Jean Paul Jacob,
Gerald Weinberg,
Gene Amdahl,
Ed Sussenguth,
Tien Chi (T.C.) Chen,
Lotfi Zadeh,
(the late) Ted Codd,
(the late) John W. Backus,
Peter Lucas,
Cliff Jones,
(the late) Hans Bekic,
Kurt Walk,
Christian Gram,
Ole N. Oest,
Erich Neuhold,
(the late) Søren Prehn,
Sir Tony Hoare,
Hans Langmaack,
Zhou Chao Chen,
Chris George and
Kokichi Futatsugi.